Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy

A pregnant woman and her baby can be exposed to many infections. Some of these can be life-threatening for the mother, while others can reach the baby. There is some evidence that immunity decreases during pregnancy. It is known that the immunity of the baby in the womb starts between 9-15 weeks, but it is mainly protected from diseases with the increase of ummunglobilin substances that pass from the mother to the baby from the 16th week onwards. Breastfeeding after birth protects the baby from some infections. Infections are caused by microorganisms called bacteria, viruses or parasites.
Virus Infections
Chickenpox : Most adults who have been vaccinated against polio are 95% immune to this virus. It can cause pneumonia in pregnant women. There is a vaccine but it cannot be applied in pregnant women. When seen in pregnancy in the first 5 months, the risk of anomaly increases. There is an immunoglobulin that must be given within 96 hours in case of contact with someone with chickenpox.
Influenza : It is more serious, especially with the Influenza A virus. It is dangerous if it develops into pneumonia. Influenza vaccine is recommended for pregnant women after the first trimester. There is no clear consensus that it causes congenital malformations.
Mumps : 80-90% of adults are immune. It is not common. The virus mainly affects the salivary glands and sometimes the ovaries, meninges, pancreas and other organs. The vaccine is not administered during pregnancy. Mumps infection does not require termination of pregnancy.
Measles: Most adults are immune. Vaccine is not administered. Not dangerous for the baby.
Respiratory Viruses: Respiratory viruses have more than 200 subgroups. They usually cause colds, pharyngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. Although it is said that the risk of malformations for the baby increases in mothers who are frequently ill, there are no studies to support this.
Entero Virus Infection : They cause intestinal infection. They can infect the baby and cause its loss. There is no treatment. It can cause central nervous system, liver, upper respiratory tract infection and heart health infection.
Polio : Rarely seen due to vaccination.
Rubella: Since it is very important in pregnancy, immunity should be investigated when it is decided to give birth and vaccinated 3-4 months before pregnancy. It cannot be vaccinated during pregnancy. It can pass from mother to baby and infect the baby. It can cause many malformations in the baby and the pregnancy may need to be terminated.
CMV: It is the most common infection in the baby in the womb. Immunity in the mother does not mean that it will not recur. It is recurrent. If the baby is infected, malformations related to the central nervous system are at the forefront. Diagnosis is often made when an ultrasound shows a problem.
— Herpesimplex Virus
— HIV
— HPV
— Hepatitis-B
— Hepatitis-C
Bacterial Infections : Group A and B streptococcus, listeria, typhoid, dysentery, parasites, toxoplasma, trichomonas, syphilis and gonorrhea.
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